Lineamientos generales de ordenamiento para aportar a la óptima localización de actividades industriales en suelo rural. Estudio de caso: zona industrial caños negros, Villavicencio

Abstract

Industry is considered an important activity for the social and economic progress of the territories; the transformation processes of raw materials for the generation of food, textile, chemical, timber, and pharmaceutical products, among others, have an important impact on the development dynamics of a territory. However, although this activity contributes significantly to the local and regional economy, its development is related to increased environmental impacts that alter the state of conservation of natural resources and the quality of life of the inhabitants. In addition to the above, there has been an increase in the displacement or migration of industries from urban to rural land, which is characterized by the presence of soils with high agrological capacity and sensitive and important environmental elements for the sustainability of the territories. This migration is based on a series of regulatory gaps related to the management of rural land at the national and local levels, which has legitimized an inadequate management of this activity in the territory. This work focuses on the formulation of general planning guidelines that contribute to the definition of the optimal location of industrial activities on rural land, based on the application of a mixed methodology that includes three phases: (i) Verification of the regulations enacted at the national level related to the management of this type of land to identify possible gaps that have allowed industries to locate in rural soils with great environmental supply, putting the increase of the local economy before the protection and conservation of natural resources, ii) Differential analysis of the variables that have allowed defining the industrial zones of the municipality of Villavicencio and iii) Approach to the communities with the implementation of a semi-structured survey to the population adjacent to the Caños Negros Industrial Zone in the municipality of Villavicencio, to know the perception of the communities regarding the arrival of this type of projects in rural soils. Based on this, an analysis was carried out that allowed to evidence, from the application of criteria contemplated by the municipality of Villavicencio for the definition of industrial zones, the absence of aspects of great importance in the land use planning that have allowed the installation of industrial activities in places that are not suitable for their development. Likewise, it was identified that despite the fact that the Land Use Plan -POT- of the municipality of Villavicencio made such analysis as a basis for determining the location of industrial zones, not all of them comply with the parameters required for such purpose. Finally, it is important to highlight the importance of the relationship with the communities regarding the arrival of this type of economic activities to their territory, the climatic variability and the connectivity with other territories that increase their competitiveness.