Lineamientos de diseño para centros de salud pública primaria energéticamente eficientes

Abstract

The sanitary emergency generated by the COVID-19 reinforces the need for a sustainable architecture that conceives the architectural design with an optimized energy performance, which minimizes the use of mechanical systems. Sanitary establishments are generally complex buildings of great social relevance and high operational consumption. In Colombia, the design of the infrastructure in primary public health is mainly given by APS [Atención Primaria en Salud], who are the first contact of the user with the service. However, its design incorporates reduced bioclimatic strategies, increasing energy consumption and associated costs. The purpose of this research was to establish design guidelines that improve the response capacity in case of crisis situations, reducing the energy demand of the equipment. Therefore, five national typologies and one international one (CESFAM, Chile) were characterized, proposing three typologies with the addition of enclosures mainly for the treatment of respiratory infections. Subsequently, 78 demand and active solar contribution simulations were carried out using simulation software: DesignBuilder and Energy 3D, combining orientation, materiality and climate variables. Finally, this information would afford to create guidelines were formulated that could be replicated in other territories with similar climatic conditions, and were set out in a guide manual (Annex 1). This research identified that energy demand can be reduced from 47% to 61% using optimized materiality, and due to the active solar it was got a contribution and an end reduction between 25% and 67%. The economic resources saved can be used to extend the coverage of the service at a national level.