El trazo de la Av. Alo (Avenida Longitudinal del Occidente en la ciudad de Bogotá

Abstract

Bogotá since its conception in 1538 has grown gradually throughout the savannah. The morphology of the city where its reticle has tried to be orthogonal due to the Spanish laws imposed since its creation, has been affected by a series of social, topographical hydrographic factors. Its location was strategically thought because its settlement was in the plain of the savannah next to the hills that provided besides a favorable climate and visual control of two important water sources such as the San Agustín and San Francisco Rivers. The demographic explosion that occurred basically in the second half of the 20th century forced the city to expand towards the north, the south and the west, consolidating and expanding existing roads known as regional roads that connected Bogotá with the rest of the country, and creating new ways to connect the city. Although the grid is to maintain between streets (east-west) and careers (north-south) in the road network forms a characteristic horseshoe shape due to the steps that connect the city with the north, south and west. Due to massive migration to the capital, the need for housing became imperious and the city itself began to grow towards the peripheries until reaching its water limits, which consequently suffered deformations due to different factors. These water sources have been affected by the pollution of their waters, which since the conception of the city have been used as aqueducts, or have been channeled or in many cases dried and refilled for a new use of land. Leading to the loss of gradual areas, some until reaching its partial or total drying. Throughout Bogotá's history, several examples of potrerization of rivers, streams, wetlands, basins or lakes have been presented for the construction of neighborhoods or roads connecting these same. The most recent case is the Longitudinal Avenue of the West (ALO) that will connect in a direct line all the west of Bogotá that in recent decades has developed to the point of bordering the Bogotá River, this with the purpose of shortening time and improve the mobility of the city and become a highway for the capital; this will be taken from the municipality of Soacha (south-west) through the rabbit hutch and the rural area of Bogotá (north-west) to reach the municipality of Chia (north-east). This avenue promises to improve the times of the traveler and provide the city with public space in exchange for sacrificing part of the area of three wetlands that are the chaplaincy wetland, the yellow Juan wetland and the rabbit-hole wetland that still make up the environmental structure. Starting from the premise that the layout of the western longitudinal avenue already exists as a void within the urban grid in the west of Bogotá, a fast track with four fast lanes and a secondary one with two slow lanes integrated to the fast track and the urban layout, an underground subway line is also proposed where we have two intersections with two main trunk lines, such as the AV. 80 and Dorado as a multimodal station, integrating with the Transmilenio trunks, and some type stations distributed along the route of the ALO. Some edges were developed along the route, according to the typology of the sector where we find horizontal housing and height, equipment and industry. The development of the ALO Avenue is given in the most uninterrupted way possible through depressed, elevated roundabouts and level vambios. As the project was developed, three specific points were identified where the wetlands are located, and for the development of the road and the minor intervention in the wetlands, bridges were developed according to the structural specifications required by the free distance that It needs every wetland.